Centrifugal apparatus



Aug. 16, 1927. 1,639,538

J. M. scHuTz CENTRIFUGAL APPARATU 5 Original Filed Feb.5. 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 16, 1927. 1,639,538

J. M. SCHUTZ CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS Original Filed Feb.5. 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 llllll 1 Jive/1:601. T ciseflbm 5mg;

Aug. 16. 1927. 9,538

J. M. SCHUTZ CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS Original Filed Fens. 1924 s Sheets-Sheet 4 M a 'a lull 1) a II "M o L a .,Z%0e/vm flaw/W2. 93,5119

1 1927. Aug J. M. SCHUTZ- CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS s Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Feb. 5, 1924 Patented Aug. 16, 1921.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFF-ICE.

JOSEPH MARTIN SCHUTZ, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO CEN'I'RIFIX CORPORATION, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS.

Original application filed February 5, 1924, Serial No. 690,861, Patent No. 1

539,435. Divided and this application med March 3, 1925. Serial No. 12,892.

This application is a division of my original application Serial No. 69086l,'filed February 5th, 1924, and is directed to certa n forms of the invention which, though dls- 5 closed and broadly covered by the original application are not specifically claimed therein;

The invention provides for the centrifugal treatment of substances without resort to rotating parts, and is intended for clarifying,

filtering, separating, classifying, gradlng,

concentrating, condensing, heating and distilling various vapors, gases and liquids and the substances therein contained. With these purposes, the invention comprehendsthe novel devices related thereto, all operating upon a clearly apprehended principle and having a novel generic basis; whereby such purposes and many results and products may be obtained easily, quickly and safely, and by small expenditures of time, money, labor and space. v The invention consists in means employing the ressure or energy .of a body or stream of liquid, vapor or gas to set up at a defined point therein a whirling action which assists in collecting and then expelling the substances (gaseous, liquid or'solid) that it may be desirable to separate and remove therefrom. Coincidently the stream is first finely subdivided into a large number of thin streams, layers or films b astationary barrellike structure or ring tliat contains a large number of overlapping tangential tuyeres. These films are directed tangentially inward'and by constant ripheral replenishment both form a whir ing body and maintain the whirling action referred to. Each such film or layer in the course of. its first action is immediately deflected, and the heavier and the lighter substances making up the film are'thus separated by direct 'cen- 'trifugal' force and due to the whirling action ofthe body; the light and the heavy sub- I stances are prevented from coming together again. The heavier substances are retaineddirectly upon the. periphery of the whirling body. From that peripheral position they are continuously moved axiallyacros's an imperforate annular surface, thence to be .s'e arately discharged under the stron cen'-..

tr1fug'al impulsion of the main whirlin body. The main stream of purified fiui -moves away through an outlet adjacent said imperforate surface;'that is, at one end of the restricted space in which the whirling action takes place. In most forms of the lnvention the imperforate surface takes the form of a centrifugal bowl which contains a large central outlet for the purified fluid. That bowl, like the tuyere ring, is stationary. Under the centrifugal force developed therein, the separated substances are forcibly discharged through one or more openings at or near the periphery of the bowl.

Obviously the movement of the main body or stream maybecaused by either external pressure or by suction. Only a slight difference of pressure is required; the same yieldmg a velocity and a suddenness of deflection suflicient to accomplish the centrifugal separation of the several substances.

The conveniently small units embodying the invention separately and by multiplication lend .themselves to the performance of the smallest and the largest tasks; and, it will be found both objectionable and unnecessary to make or use these units in large,

cumbersome or' expensive sizes.

' The invention, and many of its uses, will be readily understood on reference to the accompan'ying drawings. The description of 1 each structure will generally be-restricted to one process or'use thereof; easy comprehension of other uses beingexpe'cted of those skilled in the'several arts.

In the drawings, Fig. -1. is a perspective sectional view intended to diagrammatically represent the invention ;Fig. 2, is a hori-' zontal section of the tuyere ring portion of theinvention; Fig. 3, illustrates the use of the invention for removing the solids from 'water, asat the upper end'of a turbine penstock ;Fig. 4, is'a longitudinal section of the invention in the form of a line separator,"Fig. 5, is a cross section on the line 55 of- Fig. 4;-Fig. 6, is a modified type of end casting that may be substituted in Fig. 4;-' Fig. ,7, illustrates amodified form having a single action centrifugal bowl;-'

Fig. '8, is a vertical sectionillustrating the application of the invention to the purification-of blast furnace as, or the like;Fig.

9 .*is*a vertical section lllustrating a plurality of the novel devices assembled one upon the other-.for-usein classifying or grading vari- I central outlet opening such as C, but only through the'medium or gateway which is provided by the part D, which is a multiple tangential tuyere barrel or ring. This last is coaxial with the outlet opening O and is made up of a number of staves, vanes, or blades, marked d. These are arranged circularly and in relatively tangential overlapping positions. As well shown in Fig. 2, they are separated by narrow spaces or slit-like openings, and thus the tangential entrance ports or tuyeres e are formed. All of these ports or narrow passages have the same direction. The cylindrical space F within the tuyere ring, D, is that region within which the before mentioned whirling action is organized and maintained by the movement of the substance from the space A toward the space B. No rotating or moving parts are involved in originating or maln taining the described whirling action. The portion 9 at the end of, or in other words be yond, the staves d and ports 6, is the annular imperforate surface before referred to across which the separated substances are delivered to their outlet. In this case it is j a component part--of the centrifugal bowl G; constituting the peripheral-portion thereof. As shown the bottom of that bowl contains the central outlet C. Leading from the 1 inner periphery of the bowl G is a discharge opening or duct H. This is preferably tan'-' gential to the bowl and has the same direction as the slits or ports e; and through this duct the separated substances are discharged from the region (space F) of the whirling action.

The effective internal diameter of the tuyere ring and the diameter of the centrifugal bowl as here shown are substantially the same. Both are of greater diameter vthan the axial outlet C. Y

The opposite closure or end C has an under or inner surface which is characterized by an annular e ge or abutment ring portion, I, that is directly opposite the upper ends of the tuyeres or ports e. As to that portion of the fluid cwhich lies'close to the inner periphery of the tuyere ring or barrel, the edge portion or abutment ll forms the limit of motionin that direction, whereas the bowl G permits relief and motion in its direction and thence parallel to the axis of rotation, and. while that rotation is going on. Such are the relations of the closure C and the bowl G.

As it is often desirable that the outlet of a line-separator shallbe positioned at the bottom thereof, an appropriate structure is shown in Figs. 4 to 7. The centrifugal bowl is formed directly in the bottom element 87 of the casing. The latter is completed by the top 88; and, receives the steam or other fluid from the pipe 89. The steam leaves the casing-through the outlet 90, but only through the medium of the centrifugal element or ring 91; and the familiar action 'of the latter discharges the collected moisture and solids into the bowl portion, as before described.

The bowl has a shallow skimming groove or shoulder 92 which receives some of the separated substances. From the bottom 93 of the bowl. the lighter of the collected substances are discharged. 92' and 93' are the .respective centrifugal outlets. The ring 91 v construction of the casing, exhibits a reversed form cover plate 96 and also the absence of an upstanding rim in the centrifugal bowl 97.

Fig. 8 shows a centrifugal unit (189) used in a cavity (190) provided in the bottom of a blast furnace gas duct 191. The cleaned gas departs through the down pipe 192, which is familiar to all blast furnace operators. As will be observed, Fig. 8 is a sectional View of the dust pocket (193) and the gas pipe (191) common to blast furnaces, the novel apparatus being added thereto. The relation of the bowl 189' to the dust trap 193 is as shown, and the relief duct 194 returns the waste gas to the main duct 191..

All other details will be readily understood from the face of the drawing.

Fig. 9 represents a single apparatus that is composed of three-of the described centrifugal, units having centrifugal bowls of varying shapes to receive and separate different sizes or kinds ofsubstances. Concentrate traps 241, one for each centrifugal bowl are provided and the apparatus constitutes a plural or staged, classifier and may be used for ultra-filtration purposes and as a concentrator. Generally it is to be employed for classifying mill products, that are received at .the top 242 of the apparatus, accompanied by a stream of gas or liquid, originating at the mill, according to kind. Passing downward through the apparatus, the substances are subjected to repeated whirling actions weight. and last. the finest of the particles;

the clarified carrier-fluid leaving the apparatus through the tail pipe 243.

Figs. 10 and 11 exhibit a series filter of large capacity. and adapted to remove even the finest silts from water and the like. Fig. 10 is an enlarged longitudinal, vertical section of this multiple unit filter and Fig. 11, on a reduced scale. shows the same in operation. The liquid is removed from an ele vated reservoir 291 bv a hydraulic siphon.

292. By preference the intake end of the siphonis equipped with an open type coarse filter or centrifugal unit 293. In the downgoing leg of the siphon-is the series or sta e filter, 294, about to be described in detail.

- 295 is the solids waste pipe thereof.

' filter may be adopted. The casings may be As shown in Fig. 10 the stage filter comprises a plurality of the described centrifugal units of the closed type. The casing 296 of the top unit receives the water from the elbow of the siphon. 292. The intermediate casing 297 receives water from the top and discharges it into the bottom casing. 298. The latter discharges the water into the lower leg 292' of the siphon. Obviously any other means of moving the fluid through the of the same diameter, but necessarily they increase in height toward the bottom because the tuyere rings of the several units are of substantially the same tuyere capacity though of markedly difl'erent diameters. Thus the upnert-uyere ring 298 is of large diameter and causes the fluid to slowly swirl in the bowl 298'. The next tuyere ring 299 is of less diameter and obviously causes the liquid to whirl at increased rotative speed in its bowl 299. ugal unit 300, being of still smaller diameter. again augmentsthe rotative speed of the moving fluid in the bowl 300'.

Thus the solids of different specific gravities are. so to speak separately acted upon.

or graded, with assurance of the final separation of the finest thereof. The collected sequentially the lower centrifally opposed to said bowl. and a circumferential series of operatively overlapping tangential fluid admission tuyeres/b'etween said closure and said howl, serving to whirlingly direct the fluid into said bowl and into said central outlet whereby the heavier substances are collected and discharged through the peripheral outlet while the lighter or purified fluid is whirlingly discharged along the axis of the bowl and outlet and outward throu h the latter.

2. The herein described improvement for the centrifugal purification of fluids without resort to rotating parts, comprising a circular collecting bowl having a substantially flat bottom provided with a tangential outlet for the heavier constituents of the fluid and having a large central outlet for the purified fluid, in combination with a perpendicular closure axially opposed to said bowl. a circumferential series of operatively overlapping tangential fluid admission tuyeres betweensaid closure and said bowl serving to whirlinglv direct the fluid into said bowl. against said bottom and into said central outlet and a chamber into which said tangential outlet directs the heavier substances. I

3. The herein described improvement for the centrifugal treatment of fluids without resort to rotating parts, comprising a tuyere ring containing a circumferential series of longitudinal inwardly directed and operatively overlapping slit-like tangential tuyeres, in combination with a perpendicular ciosur'e on one end of said tuyere ring, a second closure of bowl-like shape providing a longitudinal'extension for the other end of said ring, said bowl-like closure containing a peripheral outlet for the heavier constituents of the, fluid and having a large central outlet smaller than said ring for the lighter or purified portion of the fluid.

4. The herein described improvement for the centrifugal treatment of fluids without resort to rotating parts. comprising a t-uyere rlng contalning a clrcumferential series of longitudinal inwardly directed and operof said ring, said bowl-like closure being of substantially the same diameter as the interior of said tuyere ring. containing a peripheral outlet for the heavier constituents of the fluid and having alarge central outlet smaller than said ring and bowl for the lighter or purified portion of the fluid.

5. The herein described improvement for thecentritugal purification of fluids Without resort to rotating parts. comprising a circular collecting bowl having a substantially flat bottom provided with a heavy sub stance outlet at. its periphery and having a large central outlet for the purified fluid, in combinationwith a perpendicular closure axially opposed to said howl, a circumferential series of operatively overlapping tangential fluid admission tuyeres between said closure and said bowl, serving to whirlingly directthe fluid into said bowl and s (1 central outlet therein and an enclosing casing for directing the fluid into the tuyeres of said ring.

6. The herein described improvement for the centrifugal treatment and grading of fluids Without resort to rotating parts, comprising a plurality of centrifugal units each comprising a centrifugal bowl having a central outlet in its bottom and a tangential discharge nozzle at its periphery, to ether with a circumferential tangential tuyere ring rising from said bowl, a perpendicular top for said ring and a casing surrounding said ring and top, in combination with means for directing the fluid through said units in series, said bowls being of differing formations, and, suitable traps attached to the respective tangential nozzles of said bowls.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 26" day of February, 1925.

JOSEPH MARTIN SCHUTZ. 

